醇胺吸收法捕集二氧化碳研究进展

doi:10.12388/j.issn.1673-2677.2024.01.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

CO₂捕集、利用与封存是应对温室气候，实现双碳战略目标，引领全球能源体系转型升级，推进能源绿色可持续发展的主要技术。化学吸收法具有吸收效率高、处理能力大的特点，是最适合各行业大规模碳捕集的技术，其中应用最广泛最有效的是醇胺法。醇胺溶液吸收CO₂后成为醇胺富液，对吸收后的醇胺富液进行解吸处理可回收醇胺溶液实现循环利用。但是在已有醇胺吸收剂捕集CO₂工艺过程中存在再生能耗高、吸收剂损耗大的缺点，需要改进醇胺吸收剂使其具有高吸收效率并设计低再生能耗的可行性工艺。针对吸收剂损耗大、再生率较低的问题，设计开发新的混合醇胺吸收剂进行改进；对于再生能耗较高的问题，则对传统热解吸工艺进行改进，选择微波解吸技术。介绍了各醇胺吸收CO₂的机理以及吸收CO₂的特点，总结了改进混合醇胺吸收剂的依据，调研阐述了微波辅助醇胺捕集CO₂的原理及特点，为工业化碳捕集与环境保护提供借鉴。

关键词:

混合醇胺, CO₂捕集, 微波解吸, 双碳

Abstract:

CO₂ capture，utilization，and storage are the main technologies to cope with the greenhouse climate，achieve the strategic goal of carbon peak and neutralization，lead the transformation and upgrading of the global energy system，and promote the green and sustainable development of energy. The chemical absorption methods have the characteristics of high absorption efficiency and large processing capacity，most suitable for large-scale carbon capture in various industries. Among them，the alcoho lamine method is the most widely used and the most effective. After absorbing CO₂，the alcoholamine solution becomes an alcoholamine-rich solution，which can be recovered by desorption treatment for cyclic utilization. However，in the process of CO₂ capture by the existing alkanolamine absorbent，there are some disadvantages such as high energy consumption and great loss of absorbent，and it is necessary to improve the alcoholamine absorber to realize high absorption efficiency and a feasible process with low regeneration energy consumption. To solve the problems of large loss of absorbent and low regeneration rate，a new mixed alcoholamine absorber was developed for improvement. For the problem of high energy consumption for regeneration，the traditional thermal desorption process is improved and microwave desorption technology is selected. This paper introduces the mechanism and characteristics of CO₂ absorption by alcoho lamine method，summarizes the basis for improving the mixed alcoholamine absorber，and expounds on the principle and characteristics of CO₂ capture through microwave-assisted alcoholamine，providing a reference for industrial carbon capture and environmental protection.

Key words:

mixed alcoholamine, CO₂ , capture, microwave desorption, carbon peak and neutralization

中图分类号:

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杨田萌, 杨凡, 热则耶·热合米图力, 苟国磊, 李秀辉, 侯军伟.

醇胺吸收法捕集二氧化碳研究进展

[J]. 新疆石油天然气, 2024, 20(1): 52-60.

YANG Tianmeng, YANG Fan, REZEY Rehemtuli, GOU Guolei, LI Xiuhui, HOU Junwei.

Research Progress on Capture of CO2 by Alcohol Amine Absorption Method

[J]. Xinjiang Oil & Gas, 2024, 20(1): 52-60.

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