Non-Uniform Perforation to Balance Multi-Cluster Fractures Propagation and Parameter Optimization

doi:10.12388/j.issn.1673-2677.2024.03.007

Abstract

Abstract:

Multi-cluster perforation staged fracturing of horizontal well has become one of the key technologies for completion and stimulation in unconventional oil and gas reservoirs. However，the fractures of the central perforation clusters in each fracturing stage are significant affected by stress interference from the fractures of heel and toe clusters，leading to substantial propagation resistance of the central cluster fractures. This is a major cause of the unbalanced propagation of multi-cluster fractures. This study optimized the design of non-uniform perforation distribution pattern between clusters to regulate the perforation parameters，balance the fluid distribution among clusters，mitigate the stress interference between fractures，and promote the balanced propagation of fractures. Therefore，a multi-stage，multi-cluster fracture propagation model that accounts for stress superposition between stages/clusters was established. The model was used to compare and analyze the fracture propagation patterns and mechanisms of spindle-shaped，sloped and uniform perforating patterns. The difference in fracture length and height propagation morphology was utilized to assess the equilibrium of fracture propagation. The perforation distribution pattern was optimized，and an orthogonal test was designed to refine the parameters of non-uniform perforation distribution pattern. The findings indicate that under typical shale oil reservoir conditions，the spindle-shaped perforation pattern achieves the best fracture propagation equilibrium，followed by uniform pattern and then the sloped pattern. The mechanism is that，with the spindle-shaped perforation pattern，the clusters at both ends have a perforation friction 1.4~16.7 times greater than that of the central clusters，reducing the stress interference from the heel and toe fractures on the central-cluster fractures. This results in an increased fluid inflow distribution in the central clusters，enhancing the fracture propagation equilibrium by 17.2 % compared to the uniform pattern. Conversely，the sloped perforation pattern，with over 35% of the holes concentrated at the toe cluster and accounting for 49.3 % of the fluid inflow，exerts a significant squeezing effect on the central cluster fractures，which is counterproductive to achieving a balanced fracture propagation. The optimization of the spindle-shaped perforation parameters reveals that an fracture propagation equilibrium is achieved with a total of 49 holes，a perforation diameter of 10 mm，and an end-cluster perforation proportion of 24.5%. The research results are expected to offer an effective approach for the design of non-uniform perforation in multi-cluster fracturing for unconventional oil and gas reservoirs.

Key words:

"> non-uniform perforation；balanced fracture propagation；multi-stage multi-cluster fracturing；perforation parameter；hydraulic fracturing

摘要：

摘要：水平井多簇射孔分段压裂已成为非常规油气藏完井改造的关键技术，然而各压裂段中部射孔簇裂缝受跟端趾端射孔簇裂缝的应力干扰作用显著、扩展阻力较大，是导致多簇裂缝非均衡扩展的主要原因之一。通过优化设计簇间非均匀布孔方式，调节各簇射孔参数，均衡簇间液量分配，削弱缝间应力干扰，促进裂缝均衡扩展。为此建立了考虑压裂段/簇间应力叠加的分段多簇裂缝扩展模型，对比分析了纺锤形布孔、坡度布孔、均匀布孔等三类布孔方式的裂缝扩展规律及其作用机制，以缝长、缝高扩展形态差异性评价裂缝扩展均衡性，优选布孔方式，设计正交试验优化非均匀布孔参数。结果表明，典型页岩油储层参数条件下，纺锤形布孔的裂缝扩展均衡性最优，其次是均匀布孔、坡度布孔。其作用机制为纺锤形布孔的端部簇射孔摩阻大于中部簇1.4~16.7倍，跟端趾端裂缝对中部裂缝的应力干扰作用被削弱，从而增加了中部簇进液量分配，相比均匀布孔，裂缝扩展均衡性提高了17.2%。而坡度布孔趾端簇孔数占比35%以上，进液量占优，达49.3%，导致其对中部簇裂缝挤压作用显著，不利于裂缝均衡扩展。优化纺锤形布孔参数表明，总孔数49个、孔径10 mm、端部簇孔数比例24.5%时，簇间裂缝扩展均衡性达到最优。研究结果有望为非常规油气多簇压裂非均匀射孔设计提供有效方法。

关键词:

非均匀射孔, 裂缝均衡扩展, 分段多簇压裂, 射孔参数, 水力压裂

CLC Number:

TE357 ','1');return false;" target="_blank">
TE357

SHENG Mao , DENG Chao , LI Jie , GU Mingzhe , WANG Tianyu , TIAN Shouceng, . Non-Uniform Perforation to Balance Multi-Cluster Fractures Propagation and Parameter Optimization[J]. Xinjiang Oil & Gas, 2024, 20(3): 54-63.

盛茂, 邓超, 李杰, 顾明哲, 王天宇, 田守嶒, . 非均匀射孔控制多簇裂缝均衡扩展机制及参数优化[J]. 新疆石油天然气, 2024, 20(3): 54-63.

References

［1］贾承造.中国石油工业上游前景与未来理论技术五大挑战［J］. 石油学报，2024，45（1）：1-14.JIA C Z. Prospects and five future theoretical and technical challenges of the upstream petroleum industry in China［J］. Acta Petrolei Sinica，2024，45（1）：1-14.

［2］邹才能，杨智，李国欣，等.中国为什么可以实现陆相“页岩油革命”？［J］. 地球科学，2022，47（10）：3860-3863.ZOU C N，YANG Z，LI G X，et al. Why can China realize the continental "shale oil revolution"?［J］. Earth Science，2022，47（10）：3860-3863.

［3］胥云，雷群，陈铭，等.体积改造技术理论研究进展与发展方向［J］. 石油勘探与开发，2018，45（5）：874-887.XU Y，LEI Q，CHEN M，et al. Progress and development of volume stimulation techniques［J］. Petroleum Exploration and Development，2018，45（5）：874-887.

［4］CIPOLLA C L，WENG X W，ONDA H，et al. New algorithms and integrated workflow for tight gas and shale completions［C］. SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition，Denver，Colorado，USA，2011.

［5］MILLER C K，WATERS G A，RYLANDER E I. Evaluation of production log data from horizontal wells drilled in organic shales［C］. North American Unconventional Gas Conference and Exhibition，The Woodlands，Texas，USA，2011.

［6］SPAIN D R，GIL I，SEBASTIAN H M，et al. Geo-engineered completion optimization：An integrated，multi-disciplinary approach to improve stimulation efficiency in unconventional shale reservoirs［C］. SPE Middle East Unconventional Resources Conference and Exhibition，Muscat，Oman，2015.

［7］郭天魁，王云鹏，陈铭，等.基于孔弹性效应的水平井多簇压裂诱导应力及裂缝扩展分析［J］. 天然气工业，2023，43（10）：64-72.GUO T K，WANG Y P，CHEN M，et al. Analysis of stress induced by multi-cluster fracturing in horizontal wells and fracture propagation considering poroelastic effect［J］. Natural Gas Industry，2023，43（10）：64-72.

［8］何小东，李建民，王俊超，等.吉木萨尔凹陷页岩油高效改造理论认识、关键技术与现场实践［J］. 新疆石油天然气，2021，17（4）：28-35.HE X D，LI J M，WANG J C，et al. Theoretical understanding，key technologies and field practice of high-efficiency reservoir stimulation for shale oil in Jimsar Sag［J］. Xinjiang Oil & Gas，2021，17（4）：28-35.

［9］ZHAO J Z，CHEN X Y，LI Y M，et al. Numerical simulation of multistage fracturing and optimization of perforation in a horizontal well［J］. Petroleum Exploration and Development，2017，44（1）：119-126.

［10］WANG B，ZHANG G C，ZHANG L，et al. Promoting the uniform propagation of multifracture through adjusting the injection rate and perforation parameter：A numerical study［J］. Physics of Fluids，2023，35（12）：125143-1-125143-16.

［11］周彤，张士诚，陈铭，等. 水平井多簇压裂裂缝的竞争扩展与控制［J］. 中国科学：技术科学，2019，49（4）：469-478.ZHOU T，ZHANG S C，CHEN M，et al. Competitive propagation of multi-fractures and their control on multiclustered fracturing of horizontal wells［J］. Scientia Sinica Technologica，2019，49（4）：469-478.

［12］李扬，邓金根，刘伟，等. 水平井分段多簇限流压裂数值模拟［J］. 断块油气田，2017，24（1）：69-73.LI Y，DENG J G，LIU W，et al. Numerical simulation of limited entry technique in multi-stage and multi-cluster horizontal well fracturing［J］. Fault-Block Oil & Gas Field，2017，24（1）：69-73.

［13］陈琦，黄志强，凌兴杰，等. 考虑射孔摩阻的水平井段内多裂缝流量均衡分配规律研究［J］. 断块油气田，2024，31（3）：453-458.CHEN Q，HUANG Z Q，LING X J，et al. Multi-fracture flow balanced distribution law in horizontal well sections considering perforation friction［J］. Fault-Block Oil & Gas Field，2024，31（3）：453-458.

［14］焦子曦，杨洋. 水平井分段多簇压裂模拟分析［J］. 石油天然气学报，2021，43（3）：221-231.JIAO Z X，YANG Y. Numerical simulation of the multi-stage fracturing in a horizontal well［J］. Journal of Oil and Gas Technology，2021，43（3）：221-231.

［15］WANG Y P，GUO T K，CHEN M，et al. Numerical study on simultaneous propagation of multiple fractures：A method to design nonuniform perforation and in-stage diversion［J］. SPE Journal. 2023，28（5）：2514-2533.

［16］PEIRCE A，BUNGER A. Interference fracturing：Nonuniform distributions of perforation clusters that promote simultaneous growth of multiple hydraulic fractures［J］. SPE Journal，2015，20（2）：384-395.

［17］WU K，OLSON J，BALHOFF M T，et al. Numerical analysis for promoting uniform development of simultaneous multiple-fracture propagation in horizontal wells［J］. SPE Production & Operations，2016，32（1）：41-50.

［18］时贤，程远方，常鑫，等. 页岩气水平井段内多簇裂缝同步扩展模型建立与应用［J］. 石油钻采工艺，2018，40（2）：247-252.SHI X，CHENG Y F，CHANG X，et al. Establishment and application of the model for the synchronous propagation of multi-cluster fractures in the horizontal section of shale-gas horizontal well［J］. Oil Drilling & Production Technology，2018，40（2）：247-252.

［19］LU Y，LI H T，LU C，et al. The effect of completion strategy on fracture propagation from multiple cluster perforations in fossil hydrogen energy development［J］. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy，2019，44（14）：7168-7180.

［20］BARREE R D. A practical numerical simulator for three-dimensional fracture propagation in heterogeneous media［C］. SPE Reservoir Simulation Symposium，San Francisco，California，USA，1983.

［21］BARREE R D，GILBERT J V，CONWAY M. An effective model for pipe friction estimation in hydraulic fracturing treatments［C］. SPE Rocky Mountain Petroleum Technology Conference，Denver，Colorado，USA，2009.

［22］BARREE R. D. Stress shadowing and fracture interference in GOHFER^® Software［EB/OL］. （2019）［2024-7-26］.https：//barree.net/wp-content/uploads/gohfer-stress-shadowing-

fracture-interference.pdf.

[1]	ZHANG Li , WANG Bo , LYU Zhenhu , LYU Bei , LI Lizhe , ZHOU Hang. Intelligent Optimization of Integral Fracturing in Unconventional Reservoirs [J]. Xinjiang Oil & Gas, 2024, 20(4): 36-43.
[2]	XU Jiangwen, WANG Mingxing, WANG Junchao, SUN Haoran, WANG Liang. Practice and Understanding of Volume Fracturing Technology for Horizontal Wells in Jimsar Shale Oil Reservoir [J]. Xinjiang Oil & Gas, 2024, 20(3): 23-30.
[3]	MOU Jianye , YAN Xiaolun , ZHANG Shicheng , SHI Lei , LI Dong , MA Xinfang. Research on CO2 Matrix Penetration Distance in Tight Reservoirs [J]. Xinjiang Oil & Gas, 2024, 20(3): 64-71.
[4]	JIANG Beibei, ZHANG Guoqiang, WANG Dong, LIU Jiabo, YANG Qianlong, XU Xiaohui. Prediction of Critical Drawdown Pressure of Sand Production in Ultra-Deep High Pressure Sandstone Gas Reservoirs [J]. Xinjiang Oil & Gas, 2024, 20(2): 11-.
[5]	LIU Fan, LIU Yushuang, ZHANG Zhen, LI Yongjian, LIU Ce, MA Zhihu, . A Machine Learning-Based Bridging Particle Size Recommendation Method for Lost Circulation Control [J]. Xinjiang Oil & Gas, 2024, 20(1): 13-20.
[6]	LIU Fengbao, SUN Jinsheng, WANG Jianhua. A Global Review of Technical Status and Development Trend of Drilling Fluids for Deep and Ultra-Deep Wells [J]. Xinjiang Oil & Gas, 2023, 19(2): 34-39.
[7]	CUI Xiaobo, ZHANG Jiaqi, YAN Lili, ZOU Jun, YANG Haijun, LIU Zheng. Application of High-Temperature Resistant and High-Density Oil-Based Drilling Fluid in Well DS1 [J]. Xinjiang Oil & Gas, 2023, 19(2): 56-61.
[8]	YUAN Yuehui, QU Yuanzhi, GAO Shifeng, RONG Kesheng, YE Cheng, LIU Kecheng. Advances in Study on Temperature-Resistant and Salt-Tolerant Fluid Loss Reducers for Water-Based Drilling Fluids [J]. Xinjiang Oil & Gas, 2023, 19(2): 62-68.
[9]	LIU Lili, XIE Yingming, LI Yuzhan, Cao Yi, Zeng Shunpeng. The Law of Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Seepage for Workover Gas Injection Huff and Puff Production Recovery in Low-Pressure Gas Wells [J]. Xinjiang Oil & Gas, 2023, 19(2): 75-81.
[10]	WEI Liyao, LI Yichang. Design Method and Implementation of Oil and Gas Supply Chain System for Digital Economy Web 3.0 [J]. Xinjiang Oil & Gas, 2023, 19(2): 82-87.
[11]	ZHANG Yanjun , XU Shucan , LIU Yafei , WANG Xiaoping , GE Hongkui , ZHOU Desheng. Optimization of Well Shut-in Time after Fracturing in Jimusar Shale Oil Reservoirs [J]. Xinjiang Oil & Gas, 2023, 19(1): 1-7.
[12]	CUI Pengxing, HOU Binchi, MENG Xuangang, DANG Hailong, WANG Chenchen. Micro-Scale Oil and Water Migration Characteristics of Water-Injection Huff and Puff in Ultra-Low Permeability Reservoirs [J]. Xinjiang Oil & Gas, 2023, 19(1): 8-15.
[13]	LIU Chao, SHEN Chunsheng, LIU Jianhua, LIU Siyuan, PANG Weihao. Controlling Factors of Particle Migration in Loose Sandstone and Performance Characteristics in Oilfield [J]. Xinjiang Oil & Gas, 2023, 19(1): 16-20.
[14]	JIANG Ming, LI Zhiqiang, DUAN Guifu, YANG Jingjia, SHI Yangzhi, SHI Hanqi. Effect of Hydraulic Fracture Conductivity on Deep Shale Gas Production [J]. Xinjiang Oil & Gas, 2023, 19(1): 35-41.
[15]	WANG Tao, CHENG Leiming, XIANG Yuankai, CHENG Ning, WANG Bo, ZHOU Hang. Numerical Simulation of Fracture Propagation Pattern in the Presence of Gravel [J]. Xinjiang Oil & Gas, 2023, 19(1): 42-48.

Non-Uniform Perforation to Balance Multi-Cluster Fractures Propagation and Parameter Optimization

非均匀射孔控制多簇裂缝均衡扩展机制及参数优化

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics