Practice and Understanding of Volume Fracturing Technology for Horizontal Wells in Jimsar Shale Oil Reservoir

doi:10.12388/j.issn.1673-2677.2024.03.003

Abstract

Abstract:

Addressing Jimsar shale oil reservoir，this study aims to enhance fracture-controlled reserves by conducting theoretical research and technical practices. Focused on four key aspects—fracture network design，construction，proppant effectiveness，and the enhancement of in-situ oil mobility，three generations of technological advancements have been realized. Fundamental theories regarding the effective propagation of hydraulic fracture in thin interlayers and key technologies such as multi-cluster fracturing within a stage and the use of cost-effective materials have been mastered. An integrated horizontal well volume fracturing technology system centered on fracture-matrix matching，precise stimulation，multi-scale proppant support，and CO₂ prepad injection has been developed. The key technical indicators of fracturing have reached the advanced domestic level，supporting the large-scale and efficient development of Jimsar shale oil. In 2023，the oil production of Jimsar shale oil surpassed 60×10⁴ t，with a consecutive annual production increase of 10×10⁴ t in the block for three years. This achievement has provided robust technical support for the establishment of China's first national continental shale oil demonstration zone by 2025 and serves as a reference for optimizing shale oil development technologies in other regions of China.

Key words:

"> volume fracturing technology for horizontal well；shale oil；Jimsar Sag；Lucaogou Formation；CO₂ , prepad fracturing

摘要：

摘要：针对吉木萨尔页岩油储层，围绕提升缝控储量目标，从缝网设计、缝网构建、有效支撑和提升基质内原油动用能力四个方面开展了理论研究与技术实践，完成了三代技术革新，攻克了薄互层裂缝有效扩展等基础理论和段内多簇工艺、低成本材料等关键技术，集成了以缝藏匹配、精准改造、多尺度支撑、CO₂前置为核心的水平井体积压裂技术体系，压裂关键技术指标达到国内先进水平，支撑了吉木萨尔页岩油的规模效益开发。2023年吉木萨尔页岩油产油量突破60×10⁴ t，连续三年区块年产量增幅超过10×10⁴ t，为2025年我国首个国家级陆相页岩油示范区的高效建成提供了坚实的技术支撑，也为我国其它页岩油开发技术优化提供借鉴。

关键词:

水平井体积压裂技术, 页岩油, 吉木萨尔凹陷, 芦草沟组, CO₂前置压裂

CLC Number:

TE357.13 ','1');return false;" target="_blank">
TE357.13

XU Jiangwen, WANG Mingxing, WANG Junchao, SUN Haoran, WANG Liang.

Practice and Understanding of Volume Fracturing Technology for Horizontal Wells in Jimsar Shale Oil Reservoir [J]. Xinjiang Oil & Gas, 2024, 20(3): 23-30.

许江文, 王明星, 王俊超, 孙浩然, 王亮. 吉木萨尔页岩油水平井体积压裂技术实践与认识 [J]. 新疆石油天然气, 2024, 20(3): 23-30.

References

［1］焦方正，邹才能，杨智. 陆相源内石油聚集地质理论认识及勘探开发实践［J］. 石油勘探与开发，2020，47（6）：1067-1078. JIAO F Z，ZOU C N，YANG Z. Geological theory and exploration & development practice of hydrocarbon accumulation inside continental source kitchens［J］. Petroleum Exploration and Development，2020，47（6）：1067-1078.

［2］金之钧，朱如凯，梁新平，等. 当前陆相页岩油勘探开发值得关注的几个问题［J］. 石油勘探与开发，2021，48（6）：1276-1287. JIN Z J，ZHU R K，LIANG X P，et al. Several issues worthy of attention in current lacustrine shale oil exploration and development［J］. Petroleum Exploration and Development，2021，48（6）：1276-1287.

［3］金之钧，王冠平，刘光祥，等. 中国陆相页岩油研究进展与关键科学问题［J］. 石油学报，2021，42（7）：821-835.JIN Z J，WANG G P，LIU G X，et al. Research progress and key scientific issues of continental shale oil in China［J］. Acta Petrolei Sinica，2021，42（7）：821-835.

［4］陈祥，王敏，严永新，等. 泌阳凹陷陆相页岩油气成藏条件［J］. 石油与天然气地质，2011，32（4）：568-576. CHEN X，WANG M，YAN Y X，et al. Accumulation conditions for continental shale oil and gas in the Biyang Depression［J］. Oil & Gas Geology，2011，32（4）：568-576.

［5］胡素云，赵文智，侯连华，等. 中国陆相页岩油发展潜力与技术对策［J］. 石油勘探与开发，2020，47（4）：819-828. HU S Y，ZHAO W Z，HOU L H，et al. Development potential and technical strategy of continental shale oil in China［J］. Petroleum Exploration and Development，2020，47（4）：819-828.

［6］李阳，赵清民，吕琦，等. 中国陆相页岩油开发评价技术与实践［J］. 石油勘探与开发，2022，49（5）：1-10.LI Y，ZHAO Q M，LV Q，et al. Evaluation technology and practice of continental shale oil development in China［J］. Petroleum Exploration and Development，2022，49（5）：955-964.

［7］吴宝成，吴承美，谭强，等. 准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷昌吉页岩油成藏条件及勘探开发关键技术［J］. 石油学报，2024，45（2）：437-460.WU B C，WU C M，TAN Q，et al. Accumulation conditions and key technologies for exploration and development of Changji shale oil in Jimusar Sag of Junggar Basin［J］. Acta Petrolei Sinica，2024，45（2）：437-460.

［8］张祝新，吴佳朋，蒙文，等. 体积压裂+渗吸采油技术研究及其在沧东凹陷深层低渗透油藏中的应用［J］. 录井工程，2020，31（S1）：135-139.ZHANG Z X，WU J P，MENG W，et al. Volume fracturing+imbibition oil production technology and its application in deep low permeability reservoirs in Cangdong Sag［J］. Mud Logging Engineering，2020，31（S1）：135-139.

［9］章敬，李佳琦，史晓川，等 . 吉木萨尔凹陷致密油层压裂工艺探索与实践［J］. 新疆石油地质，2013，34（6）：710-712.ZHANG J，LI J Q，SHI X C，et al. Fracturing technology for dense oil reservoir in Jimusaer Sag：probe and practice［J］. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology，2013，34（6）：710-712.

［10］匡立春，王霞田，郭旭光，等. 吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组致密油地质特征与勘探实践［J］. 新疆石油地质，2015，36（6）：629-634.KUANG L C，WANG X T，GUO X G，et al. Geological characteristics and exploration practice of tight oil of Lucaogou Formation in Jimsar Sag［J］. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology，2015，36（6）：629-634.

［11］黄波，谢斌，李佳琦，等. 吉木萨尔二叠系致密油岩石力学特性参数分析与压裂对策［J］. 科学技术与工程，2016，16（25）：67-74.HUANG B，XIE B，LI J Q，et al. Rock mechanical parameters analysis of Permian tight formations at Jimusaer in Xinjiang and the related measures for fracturing［J］. Science Technology and Engineering，2016，16（25）：67-74.

［12］何小东，李建民，王俊超，等. 吉木萨尔凹陷页岩油高效改造理论认识、关键技术与现场实践［J］. 新疆石油天然气，2021，17（4）：28-35.HE X D，LI J M，WANG J C，et al. Theoretical understanding，key technologies，and field practice of high-efficiency reservoir stimulation for shale oil in Jimsar Sag［J］. Xinjiang Oil & Gas，2021，17（4）：28-35.

［13］任伟，张宝岩，王贤君，等.变黏滑溜水裂缝内携砂运移特征研究［J］.石油化工高等学校学报，2022，35（2）：22-28.REN W，ZHANG B Y，WANG X J，et al. Sand‐carrying migration characteristics of variable‐viscosity slick water in fracture［J］. Journal of Petrochemical Universities，2022，35（2）：22-28.

［14］郭旭洋，金衍，黄雷，等. 页岩油气藏水平井井间干扰研究现状和讨论［J］. 石油钻采工艺，2021，43（3）：348-367.GUO X Y，JIN Y，HUANG L，et al. Research status and discussion of horizontal well interference in shale oil and gas reservoirs［J］. Oil Drilling & Production Technology，2021，43（3）：348-367.

［15］南荣丽，田亚凯，吕蓓，等.吉木萨尔致密储层压裂多缝干扰产能分析［J］. 科学技术与工程，2020，20（25）：10235-10241.NAN R L，TIAN Y K，LV B，et al. Multi-fracture interference and productivity analysis in Jimusar tight reservoir［J］.Science Technology and Engineering，2020，20（25）：10235-10241.

［16］何小东，张景臣，王俊超，等. 考虑天然裂缝条件下水平井压裂簇间距优化——以吉木萨尔页岩油为例［J］. 深圳大学学报：理工版，2022，39（2）：134-141.HE X D，ZHANG J C，WANG J C，et al. Optimization of fracturing cluster spacing of horizontal wells with natural fractures：taking Jimusar shale oil as an example ［J］. Journal of Shenzhen University（Science and Engineering），2022，39（2）：134-141.

［17］杨鹏，张士诚，邹雨时，等. 井平台多井压裂裂缝扩展、支撑剂运移规律与参数优化［J］. 石油勘探与开发，2023，50（5）：1065-1073.YANG P，ZHANG S C，ZOU Y S，et al. Fracture propagation，proppant transport and parameter optimization of multi-well pad fracturing treatment［J］. Petroleum Exploration and Development，2023，50（5）：1065-1073.

［18］侯冰，木哈达斯·叶尔甫拉提，付卫能，等.页岩暂堵转向压裂水力裂缝扩展物模试验研究［J］.辽宁石油化工大学学报，2020，40（4）：98-104.HOU B，YEERFULATI M，FU W N，et al.Experimental study on the hydraulic fracture propagation for shale temporary plugging and diverting fracturing［J］. Journal of Liaoning Petrochemical University，2020，40（4）：98-104.

［19］王俊超，贾俊山，李佳琦，等. 老井开发对加密井水力压裂裂缝扩展的影响规律［J］. 科学技术与工程，2022，22 （26）：11356-11363.WANG J C，JIA J S，LI J Q，et al. Influences of development of old wells on fracture propagation from hydraulic fracturing of infill wells［J］. Science Technology and Engineering，2022，22（26）：11356-11363.

［20］徐田录，吴承美，张金凤，等. 吉木萨尔凹陷二叠系芦草沟组页岩油储层天然裂缝特征与压裂模拟［J］. 岩性油气藏，2024，36（4）：35-43.XU T L，WU C M，ZHANG J F，et al. Natural fracture characteristics and fracture network simulation in shale reservoirs of Permian Lucaogou Formation in Jimsar Sag［J］. Lithologic Reservoirs，2024，36（4）：35-43.

［21］WANG M X，ZHU J，WANG J C，et al. Model and analysis of pump-stopping pressure drop with consideration of hydraulic fracture network in tight oil reservoirs［J］. Processes，2023，11（11）：3145.

［22］吕照，刘叶轩，陈希，等. 页岩油储层可压性分析及指数预测［J］. 断块油气田，2021，28（6）：739-744.LV Z，LIU Y X，CHEN X，et al. The fracability analysis and index prediction of shale oil reservoir［J］. Fault-Block Oil & Gas Field，2021，28（6）：739-744.

［23］石善志，邹雨时，王俊超，等. 吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组储集层脆性特征［J］. 新疆石油地质，2022，43（2）：169-176.SHI S Z，ZOU Y S，WANG J C，et al. Brittle characteristics of Lucaogou Formation reservoir in Jimsar Sag，Junggar Basin［J］. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology，2022，43（2）：169-176.

［24］王俊超，陶先高，李佳琦，等. 吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组“上甜点段”页岩裂缝发育主控因素及评价［J］. 中国海上油气，2022，34（6）：80-92.WANG J C，TAO X G，LI J Q，et al. Main \controlling factors and evaluation of "upper dessert section" shale fracture development in Lucaogou Formation，Jimsar Sag［J］. China Offshore Oil and Gas，2022，34（6）：80-92.

［25］程垒明，李一凡，吕明，等. 基于全直径岩心CT扫描的页岩变形构造识别方法 ——以准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷二叠系芦草沟组为例［J］. 新疆石油天然气，2022，18（3）：19-24.CHENG L M，LI Y F，LV M，et al. Identification method of shale deformation structure based on whole core CT scanning：A case study of Permian Lucaogou Formation in Jimsar Sag，Junggar Basin［J］. Xinjiang Oil & Gas，2022，18（3）：19-24.

［26］李嘉成，田刚，王俊超，等. 岩心-测井-地震信息二步匹配预测页岩储层层理缝［J］. 新疆石油天然气，2024，20（1）：21-30.LI J C，TIAN G，WANG J C，et al. Prediction of bedding fractures in shale reservoirs based on two-step matching core-logging- seismic information［J］. Xinjiang Oil & Gas，2024，20（1）：21-30.

［27］LI J M，ZOU Y S，SHI S Z，et al. Experimental study on fracture propagation mechanism of shale oil reservoir of Lucaogou Formation in Jimusar［J］. Geofluids，2022：1-11.

［28］邹雨时，石善志，张士诚，等. 薄互层型页岩油储集层水力裂缝形态与支撑剂分布特征［J］. 石油勘探与开发，2022，49（5）：1025-1032.ZOU Y S，SHI S Z，ZHANG S C，et al. Hydraulic fracture geometry and proppant distribution in thin interbedded shale oil reservoirs［J］. Petroleum Exploration and Development，2022，49（5）：1025-1032.

［29］李建民，佟亮，贾海正，等. 基于离散元方法的层理发育地层水力裂缝扩展规律［J］. 科学技术与工程，2023，23（13）：5515-5521.LI J M，TONG L，JIA H Z，et al. Hydraulic fractures propagation in bedding developed stratum based on distinct element method［J］. Science Technology and Engineering，2023，23（13）：5515-5521.

［30］许江文，韩少博，罗兆，等. 水平井薄互层大段多缝纵向扩展影响因素分析［J］. 科学技术与工程，2020，20（7）：2667-2673.XU J W，HAN S B，LUO Z，et al. The analysis of influence factors on vertical propagation of multi-fractures of large segment in thin interlayers of horizontal well［J］. Science Technology and Engineering，2020，20（7）：2667-2673.

［31］徐鹏，项远铠，刘蕊宁，等. 停泵压降法评价水平井暂堵压裂效果［J］. 新疆石油天然气，2022，18（4）：79-83.XU P，XIANG Y K，LIU R N，et al. Evaluate the temporary plugging effectivity for fractured horizontal wells through pump-off pressure drop analysis method［J］. Xinjiang Oil & Gas，2022，18（4）：79-83.

［32］ZHANG Z P，ZHANG S C，MA X F，et al. Experimental and numerical study on proppant transport in a complex fracture system［J］. Energies，2020，13（23）：6290-6313.

［33］肖凤朝，张士诚，李雪晨，等. 组合粒径+滑溜水携砂铺置规律及导流能力——以吉木萨尔页岩油储层为例［J］. 大庆石油地质与开发，2023，42（6）：167-174.XIAO F C，ZHANG S C，LI X C，et al. Placement law and flow conductivity of sand⁃carrying combined particle sizes+slickwater：Taking Jimsar shale oil reservoir as an example［J］. Petroleum Geology ＆ Oilfield Development in Daqing，2023，42（6）：167-174.

［34］王欣桐，吕照，施雷庭，等.吉木萨尔页岩油藏人工裂缝导流能力动态变化规律［J］. 科学技术与工程，2022，22（1）：136-141. WANG X T，LV Z，SHI L T，et al. Dynamic change law of artificial fracture conductivity in Jimusaer shale reservoir［J］. Science Technology and Engineering，2022，22（1）：136-141.

［35］WANG J C，WANG L，LI J C，et al. An experimental study on multiscale conductivity of shale fracturing［C］. 2022 International Conference on Power System and Energy Technology （ICPSET 2022），Guangzhou，China，2022.

［36］李佳琦，陈蓓蓓，孔明炜，等. 页岩油储集层数字岩心重构及微尺度下渗流特征 ——以吉木萨尔凹陷二叠系芦草沟组页岩油为例［J］. 新疆石油地质，2019，40（3）：319-327.LI J Q，CHEN B B，KONG M W，et al. Digital core reconstruction and research on microscale flow characteristics of shale oil reservoir：A case of the shale oil in Permian Lucaogou Formation，Jimsar Sag［J］. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology，2019，40（3）：319-327.

［37］LI S，HE C M，G Y B，et al. Frac fluid induced damage in tight sands and shale reservoirs［C］. SPE International Conference and Exhibition on Formation Damage Control，Lafayette，Louisiana，USA，2022.

［38］高阳，叶义平，何吉祥，等. 准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷陆相页岩油开发实践［J］. 中国石油勘探，2020，25（2）：133-141.GAO Y，YE Y P，HE J X，et al. Development practice of continental shale oil in Jimsar Sag in Junggar Basin［J］. China Petroleum Exploration，2020，25（2）：133-141.

［39］贾海正，李柏杨，吕照，等. CO_２与吉木萨尔储层岩石相互作用实验研究［J］. 石油与天然气化工，2021，50（6）：76-80.JIA H Z，LI B Y，LV Z，et al. Experimental study on the interaction between CO₂ and Jimsar reservoir rocks［J］. Chemical Engineering of Oil & Gas，2021，50（6）：76-80.

［40］赵坤，李泽阳，刘娟丽，等. 吉木萨尔页岩油井区 CO₂前置压裂工艺参数优化及现场实践［J］. 油气藏评价与开发，2024，14（1）：83-90.ZHAO K，LI Z Y，LIU J L，et al. Parameter optimization and field practice of CO₂ pre-fracturing process in Jimsar shale oil block［J］. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development，2024，14（1）：83-90.

[1]	ZHANG Li , WANG Bo , LYU Zhenhu , LYU Bei , LI Lizhe , ZHOU Hang. Intelligent Optimization of Integral Fracturing in Unconventional Reservoirs [J]. Xinjiang Oil & Gas, 2024, 20(4): 36-43.
[2]	SHENG Mao , DENG Chao , LI Jie , GU Mingzhe , WANG Tianyu , TIAN Shouceng, . Non-Uniform Perforation to Balance Multi-Cluster Fractures Propagation and Parameter Optimization [J]. Xinjiang Oil & Gas, 2024, 20(3): 54-63.
[3]	MOU Jianye , YAN Xiaolun , ZHANG Shicheng , SHI Lei , LI Dong , MA Xinfang. Research on CO2 Matrix Penetration Distance in Tight Reservoirs [J]. Xinjiang Oil & Gas, 2024, 20(3): 64-71.
[4]	JIANG Beibei, ZHANG Guoqiang, WANG Dong, LIU Jiabo, YANG Qianlong, XU Xiaohui. Prediction of Critical Drawdown Pressure of Sand Production in Ultra-Deep High Pressure Sandstone Gas Reservoirs [J]. Xinjiang Oil & Gas, 2024, 20(2): 11-.
[5]	LIU Fan, LIU Yushuang, ZHANG Zhen, LI Yongjian, LIU Ce, MA Zhihu, . A Machine Learning-Based Bridging Particle Size Recommendation Method for Lost Circulation Control [J]. Xinjiang Oil & Gas, 2024, 20(1): 13-20.
[6]	LIU Fengbao, SUN Jinsheng, WANG Jianhua. A Global Review of Technical Status and Development Trend of Drilling Fluids for Deep and Ultra-Deep Wells [J]. Xinjiang Oil & Gas, 2023, 19(2): 34-39.
[7]	CUI Xiaobo, ZHANG Jiaqi, YAN Lili, ZOU Jun, YANG Haijun, LIU Zheng. Application of High-Temperature Resistant and High-Density Oil-Based Drilling Fluid in Well DS1 [J]. Xinjiang Oil & Gas, 2023, 19(2): 56-61.
[8]	YUAN Yuehui, QU Yuanzhi, GAO Shifeng, RONG Kesheng, YE Cheng, LIU Kecheng. Advances in Study on Temperature-Resistant and Salt-Tolerant Fluid Loss Reducers for Water-Based Drilling Fluids [J]. Xinjiang Oil & Gas, 2023, 19(2): 62-68.
[9]	LIU Lili, XIE Yingming, LI Yuzhan, Cao Yi, Zeng Shunpeng. The Law of Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Seepage for Workover Gas Injection Huff and Puff Production Recovery in Low-Pressure Gas Wells [J]. Xinjiang Oil & Gas, 2023, 19(2): 75-81.
[10]	WEI Liyao, LI Yichang. Design Method and Implementation of Oil and Gas Supply Chain System for Digital Economy Web 3.0 [J]. Xinjiang Oil & Gas, 2023, 19(2): 82-87.
[11]	ZHANG Yanjun , XU Shucan , LIU Yafei , WANG Xiaoping , GE Hongkui , ZHOU Desheng. Optimization of Well Shut-in Time after Fracturing in Jimusar Shale Oil Reservoirs [J]. Xinjiang Oil & Gas, 2023, 19(1): 1-7.
[12]	CUI Pengxing, HOU Binchi, MENG Xuangang, DANG Hailong, WANG Chenchen. Micro-Scale Oil and Water Migration Characteristics of Water-Injection Huff and Puff in Ultra-Low Permeability Reservoirs [J]. Xinjiang Oil & Gas, 2023, 19(1): 8-15.
[13]	LIU Chao, SHEN Chunsheng, LIU Jianhua, LIU Siyuan, PANG Weihao. Controlling Factors of Particle Migration in Loose Sandstone and Performance Characteristics in Oilfield [J]. Xinjiang Oil & Gas, 2023, 19(1): 16-20.
[14]	JIANG Ming, LI Zhiqiang, DUAN Guifu, YANG Jingjia, SHI Yangzhi, SHI Hanqi. Effect of Hydraulic Fracture Conductivity on Deep Shale Gas Production [J]. Xinjiang Oil & Gas, 2023, 19(1): 35-41.
[15]	WANG Tao, CHENG Leiming, XIANG Yuankai, CHENG Ning, WANG Bo, ZHOU Hang. Numerical Simulation of Fracture Propagation Pattern in the Presence of Gravel [J]. Xinjiang Oil & Gas, 2023, 19(1): 42-48.