Abstract: Aiming at the low accuracy of GNSS elevation survey in oil and gas field surface engineering，factors contributing the field survey errors when using satellite positioning technology are analyzed，and their attributes are briefly commented by describing GNSS static survey principle，GNSS dynamic survey principle and survey adjustment theory. With the help of the calculation principle for GNSS elevation conversion and the theory of survey error propagation，key error factors in the process of calculation are analyzed，and the empirical formula commonly used in oilfield survey engineering for elevation fitting is derived using the least-square method of mathematical inversion theory. Based on the experience in oil and gas field survey，and with relevant technical regulations referenced，measures for controlling error factors during survey are summarized. The source of GNSS elevation survey errors and their influence are verified through project cases，and the conclusions are analyzed. Views on the effectiveness and limitations of applying GNSS elevation survey to oil and gas fields are proposed to guide the smooth execution of similar jobs.

Key words: Global Navigation Satellite System （GNSS）, elevation survey, elevation anomaly; fitted elevation, relative positioning;residual error, accuracy assessment 

摘要： 针对油气田地面工程GNSS高程测量精度较低现象，通过GNSS静态测量原理、GNSS动态测量原理及测量平差理论描述，分析卫星定位技术外业测量误差构成，并简单评述其属性。借助于GNSS高程转换计算原理及测量误差传播理论重点分析计算过程中关键误差要素，利用数学反演理论之最小二乘法，给出油田测量工程中常用高程拟合经验公式。基于油气田测量工作经验，参考相关技术规定，总结了测量工作中误差因素管控措施，通过工程实例验证GNSS高程测量误差来源及影响程度并分析结论，提出油气田GNSS高程测量的有效性及局限性观点，指导同类工作顺利开展。

关键词: GNSS, 高程测量, 高程异常, 拟合高程, 相对定位, 残差, 精度评定