Development Status of Wellbore Integrity Inspection Technology for Deep Strata and Deep Wells

doi:10.12388/j.issn.1673-2677.2024.04.002

Abstract

Abstract:

As the development of oil and gas resources is continuously advancing toward deep water areas，deep and ultra-deep strata，complex geology and extreme wellbore conditions pose great challenges to the safe and stable production of oil and gas wells. Conventional wireline logging technology and casing packer leak detection technology can meet the technical requirements of wellbore integrity inspection，but they both require to shutdown wells and the costs of joint inspection are high. In recent years，the application of fiber optic sensing in petroleum industry has become increasingly widespread，opening up new ideas for real-time monitoring of wellbore integrity. By systematically summarizing the current development status of wellbore integrity inspection，the following prospects are made：（1） Permanently or semi-permanently placing optical cables in oil wells enables monitoring the temperature field，pressure field，stress field，sound waves，vibration，and fluids inside the wellbore in real time to provide direct data for evaluating the integrity status of oil and gas wells.（2） Fiber optic sensing technologies such as DTS and DAS are characterized by continuous，real-time and distributed measurement，for which it is preferred to place them during the well construction to deliver full lifecycle monitoring of oil and gas wells. However，the overall cost of fiber optic laying is relatively high，and the fiber optic layout method needs to consider the impact of pipe string insertion and cementing perforation operations. The fiber optic winding method and light source scattering type also have an impact on optical signal transmission and signal-to-noise ratio. Corresponding measures need to be taken to optimize the signal-to-noise ratio，improve the measurement accuracy and stability of the sensor.（3） Processing of fiber optic signals mostly relies on empirical methods determining the signal range in accordance with laboratory simulation experiments. However，considerable differences exist between the laboratory environment and the downhole environment. Therefore，it is still necessary to conduct wellbore experiments and establish measurement interpretation models based on the actual wellbore environment.

Key words: deep and ultra-deep well, wellbore integrity inspection, casing inspection, cement sheath inspection, DAS, fiber optic sensing , technology

摘要：

随着油气资源开发不断向深水、深层/超深层迈进，复杂的地层和井筒条件给油气井安全稳定生产带来极大挑战。常规电缆测井技术和套管封隔器找堵漏技术虽然可以满足井筒完整性检测的技术需求，但需要油井停产，且联合检测费用较高。近年来，光纤传感技术在油气行业越来越广泛的应用，为井筒完整性实时监测打开了新思路。通过系统总结井筒完整性检测技术的发展及现状，对深层深井井筒完整性检测技术做出如下展望：（1）将光缆永久式、半永久式布置在油井内，可对井筒内温度场、压力场、应力场、声波、振动、流体进行实时监测，为油气井完整性状态评估提供直接数据；（2）分布式光纤温度传感技术（DTS）和分布式声波传感技术（DAS）等具有连续、实时、分布式测量的特点，适合在建井阶段投入使用，实现油气井全生命周期的完整性监测；（3）对光纤信号处理大部分依靠经验法，通过模拟实验确定信号范围，实验室与井下的真实环境相比差距较大，需深入开展入井试验，通过井筒真实环境建立实际的测量解释模型。

关键词: 深井超深井, 井筒完整性检测, 套管检测, 水泥环检测, DAS, 光纤传感技术

CLC Number:

TE242

SONG Xuefeng , LI Zhibin, , LIU Jinming , WANG Jiangshuai , DING Yida , QIAN Xuesen. Development Status of Wellbore Integrity Inspection Technology for Deep Strata and Deep Wells[J]. Xinjiang Oil & Gas, 2024, 20(4): 8-18.

宋学锋 , 李志彬, , 刘金铭 , 王江帅 , 丁意达 , 钱雪森. 深层深井井筒完整性检测技术发展现状[J]. 新疆石油天然气, 2024, 20(4): 8-18.

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Development Status of Wellbore Integrity Inspection Technology for Deep Strata and Deep Wells

深层深井井筒完整性检测技术发展现状

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