新疆石油天然气 ›› 2026, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (2): 125-142.DOI: 10.12388/j.issn.1673-2677.2026.02.013

• 新能源 • 上一篇    

非常规油气超临界二氧化碳压裂技术进展及挑战

黄亮1,汪道兵2,3,汪杰1,续化蕾1,江厚顺1   

  1. 1.长江大学石油工程学院,湖北武汉 430100;

    2.北京石油化工学院机械工程学院,北京大兴 102617;

    3.北京市安全生产工程技术研究院,北京大兴 102617。

  • 收稿日期:2026-03-01 修回日期:2026-05-15 接受日期:2026-05-20 出版日期:2026-06-09 发布日期:2026-06-09
  • 通讯作者: 汪道兵(1985—),2017年毕业于中国石油大学(北京)油气井工程专业,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事地热能、氢能、核能等清洁能源以及非常规油气资源高效开发方面的应用基础研究。(E-mail)upcwdb@bipt.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:黄亮(2001—),长江大学石油工程学院石油与天然气工程专业,在读硕士,目前从事水力压裂方面的研究。(E-mail)1350251114@qq.com
  • 基金资助:

    1、国家自然科学基金面上项目“纳米增黏流体与超临界CO2复合压裂页岩油层人工裂网形成与调控机制”(52474001);

    2、国家自然科学基金面上项目“基于注液增能和暂堵转向协同作用的干热岩人工缝网形成与调控机制”(52274002)。

Supercritical CO2 Fracturing for Unconventional Oil and Gas:Progress and Challenges

HUANG Liang1,WANG Daobing2,3,WANG Jie1,XU Hualei1,JIANG Houshun1   

  1. 1. School of Petroleum Engineering,Yangtze University,Wuhan 430100,Hubei,China;

    2. School of Mechanical Engineering,Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology,Daxing 102617,Beijing,China;

    3. Beijing Academy of Safety Engineering and Technology,Daxing 102617,Beijing,China

  • Received:2026-03-01 Revised:2026-05-15 Accepted:2026-05-20 Online:2026-06-09 Published:2026-06-09

摘要:

针对非常规油气储层水力压裂面临的水资源消耗、水敏伤害及环境污染难题,系统论述了超临界二氧化碳(SC-CO2)压裂技术的致裂机理、应用现状与工程挑战。与水基压裂液相比,SC-CO2具有低黏度、高扩散性和近零界面张力的特性,更易形成复杂裂缝网络,其“改性-增渗”作用机制为SC-CO2通过矿物溶蚀和有机质萃取重构储层孔缝系统,同时削弱岩石强度并提高脆性,从而协同促进裂缝起裂与扩展。同时,总结了含氟/硅基增稠剂、非氟增稠体系以及SC-CO2射流压裂和复合压裂等技术的最新进展。尽管SC-CO2压裂在支撑剂输送、装备适配性、成本控制以及封存效率与泄漏风险量化等方面仍面临挑战,但在非常规油气“压裂-增产-封存”一体化开发路径中展现出良好的应用潜力。

关键词:

超临界二氧化碳, 水力压裂, 裂缝扩展, 岩石力学, 携砂性能

Abstract:

To address the challenges of hydraulic fracturing in unconventional oil and gas reservoirs in terms of water resource consumption,formation damage of water sensitivity,and environmental pollution,this study systematically investigates the fracturing mechanism,application status,and engineering challenges of the supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) fracturing technology. Compared with water-based fracturing fluids,SC-CO2 is more likely to generate complex fracture networks because of its low viscosity,high diffusivity and near-zero interfacial tension. The mechanism of “modification-permeability enhancement” is clarified:SC-CO2 reconstructs pore-fracture systems through mineral dissolution and organic matter extraction,while also degrading rock strength and increasing brittleness,which jointly facilitates fracture initiation and propagation. Recent advances in fluorine-/silicon-based thickeners,non-fluorinated thickening systems,and SC-CO2 jet and compound fracturing technologies are summarized. Although challenges remain in proppant transport,equipment compatibility,cost control,and quantification of storage efficiency and leakage risks,SC-CO2 fracturing shows strong potential for the integrated development pathway of fracturing,enhanced recovery and carbon sequestration in unconventional reservoirs.

Key words:

supercritical carbon dioxide, hydraulic fracturing, fracture propagation, rock mechanics, proppant carrying capacity

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