The world is now in a critical period of energy structure transformation，oil and gas fields as large energy consumers are seen with accelerated green and low carbon transition. Electrochemical energy storage，as a vital technical category for steady applications of new energy such as wind and photovoltaic power in oil and gas fields，is considered increasingly important. This paper introduces the working principles and electrochemical characteristics and current research status of various electrochemical energy storage technologies （lithium iron phosphate，lithium titanate，flow batteries，lead-acid batteries，and supercapacitors）. According to their technical characteristics，their favorable scenarios，application scales and typical application cases have been sorted out，in terms of enhancing renewable energy consumption and optimizing traditional energy production and energy use. In view of the harsh environments of oil and gas scenarios featuring high risks，strong corrosion，and wide temperature ranges （-30~60℃），the challenges faced by the system and the problems that need to be solved urgently are analyzed in terms of the system safety，reliability，and environmental adaptability. This paper further elaborates the future development trend of each energy storage technology in oil and gas scenarios from the perspectives of new energy storage material systems，intelligent energy storage system management and equipment development. The findings of this research provide references for promoting the synergistic multi-energy development of wind and photovoltaic power and energy storage，forming a more efficient energy utilization system，and accelerating the green transformation of traditional energy.