Research Progress on High Temperature Fluid Loss Control Mechanisms and Materials for Water Based Drilling Fluids

doi:10.12388/j.issn.1673-2677.2026.01.002

Abstract

Abstract: In the process of high temperature deep well drilling，water based drilling fluid is prone to problems such as sharp increase in fluid loss and deterioration of performance，which seriously affects wellbore stability and drilling safety. Therefore，the research on high temperature fluid loss control mechanism and materials has become a critical issue in current oil and gas drilling engineering. This review summarizes the influencing factors and mechanism of high temperature fluid loss of water based drilling fluids，analyzes the synergistic effects of temperature，pressure，and formation conditions on leak off performance，and reveals the underlying mechanisms of clay particle aggregation，polymer molecular chain degradation，and mud cake structure disruption under high temperature conditions. On this basis，the research progress of high temperature fluid loss control materials in recent years is discussed，including the functional design，synthesis methods and performance optimization strategies of modified natural polymers，high temperature polymers，sulfonated materials，and nanocomposite materials. The high temperature stability and fluid loss control effect of four kinds of fluid loss reducer are compared. The problems of ultra-high temperature adaptability，environmental protection and economy are summarized，and the future development directions of extreme environment resistance，green sustainability and intelligent design synergy are prospected. This review provides theoretical insights and technical support for the development and application of fluid loss control materials for high temperature drilling fluids.

Key words: water based drilling fluid, fluid loss reducer, high temperature and high salinity, mechanism, polymer, nanocomposite material

摘要： 水基钻井液在高温深井钻探过程中易发生滤失量剧增、性能恶化等问题，严重影响井壁稳定和钻井安全。对水基钻井液高温滤失控制机理及降滤失材料的研究成为当前油气钻井工程的关键课题。综述了水基钻井液高温滤失的影响因素及作用机理，分析了温度、压力及地层条件对滤失性能的协同影响，揭示了高温条件下黏土颗粒聚沉、聚合物分子链降解及滤饼结构破坏的内在机制。在此基础上，论述了近年来高温降滤失材料的研究进展，包括改性天然高分子、耐高温聚合物、磺化材料及纳米复合材料的功能设计、合成方法及性能优化策略；对比了四类降滤失材料的高温稳定性和滤失控制效果；总结了面临的超高温适应性、环保性及经济性等问题；并展望了水基钻井液耐极端环境性能、绿色可持续性和智能化设计协同的未来发展方向。相关讨论可为高温钻井液滤失控制材料的研发与应用提供理论参考和技术支撑。

关键词: 水基钻井液, 降滤失剂, 高温高盐, 机理, 聚合物, 纳米复合材料

CLC Number:

TE254

YANG Jie, WANG Ren, LUO Yufeng, LIANG Hao , JING Yujuan, ZHOU Chuxiang. Research Progress on High Temperature Fluid Loss Control Mechanisms and Materials for Water Based Drilling Fluids[J]. Xinjiang Oil & Gas, 2026, 22(1): 9-25.

杨杰, 王韧, 罗宇峰, 梁浩, 敬玉娟, 周楚翔. 水基钻井液高温滤失控制机理及材料研究进展[J]. 新疆石油天然气, 2026, 22(1): 9-25.

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