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2022-06-24, Volume 18 Issue 2

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Experimental on Distributed Photovoltaic Power Plant of Oil Production Platform

ZHOU Kai, WANG Yang, CHEN Xiangyu, DUAN Shengnan, JIAN Ling, DAI Liya

2022, 18(2):  1-9.  DOI: 10.12388/j.issn.1673-2677.2022.02.001

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At present，there are 3 types of oil production well sites in Xinjiang Oilfield，which are platform well，single well and cluster well sites. Pumping units and rodless pumps are main energy-consuming equipment，and electric heaters also consume some power. It has become the current trend to replace traditional energy sources with solar energy，because it is clean，harmless，and basically con- sumes no energy. Nevertheless，solar energy also has the disadvantages of poor continuity and stability，low energy density，high cost， large footprint and the necessity for outdoor installation. A distributed solar photovoltaic power generation test and modification was conducted on the oil production platform XY6 in Jimsar of Xinjiang Oilfield. The designed installed capacity is 8 kW. The in-situ gen- erated power is supplied to the power-consuming equipment located at the well site for self use，with the surplus power connected to the grid. In case of power shortage，power will be supplied from the grid. The layout of photovoltaic modules was decided after the optimum dip angle was calculated by designing the modules in series and parallel. In addition，an analysis was conducted by comparing with the data simulated by Pvsyst 7.2 to provide a detailed reference for the overall photovoltaic layout of the platform. By the end of the first quarter of 2022，about 3，000 kW·h power had been generated，and about 20，000 tons of carbon dioxide emissions had been reduced.

Strategy for Building a Digital Management System of Carbon Assets in Group Enterprises

LU Jun

2022, 18(2):  10-15.  DOI: 10.12388/j.issn.1673-2677.2022.02.002

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Targeting the pains currently troubling traditional management mode of carbon assets towards carbon peaking and carbonneutrality goals，a strategy for building a digital management system of carbon assets is put forwards，so as to realize the life-cycle management and whole-process management by using digital technology. A strategy for building a digital management system of carbon assets in group enterprises characterized by "three modules，four levels and eight functions" is proposed by analyzing the current situation of domestic carbon assets management mode，using such digital technologies as IoT，AI，big data and 5G，integrating with information physical system，and following the ways of strategic positioning，organization and personnel，process design，rules and regulations，digital means and operation supervision. Compared with traditional carbon assets management mode，this system remarkably features information sharing，which is conducive to breaking through the internal and external information barriers of enterprises，forming a connected effect of business flow，carbon flow and assets flow，improving the efficiency of carbon assets management，driving the low-carbon transformation and development of enterprises' relevant businesses，improving enterprises' low-carbon competitiveness，and promoting the development of carbon assets management business and the activation of carbon trading market in China.


The Integrated Development Practices of Oil，Gas and New Energy in Tarim Oilfield Com⁃pany toward Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality Goals#br#

ZHANG Chenyang, WANG Fuhuan, WEI Hua, ZHANG Dapeng, MIAO Changsheng, PI Qiumei, LUO Risheng, GU Qiaoyuan

2022, 18(2):  16-20.  DOI: 10.12388/j.issn.1673-2677.2022.02.003

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The setting out of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals has defined a direction for China's green and low-carbon de- velopment，and will accelerate the development of new energy business into a fast track. As a traditional oil and gas enterprise，how to realize the holistic and balanced development of oil，gas and new energy business based on its own resource advantages，its practice path will provide an important reference for the development and transition of other oil and gas enterprises. PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company has put forward a series of measures for the integrated development of oil，gas and new energy，and completed the preparation of the New Energy Development Plan of PetroChina Tarim Oilfield in the 14th Five-Year Plan period. By launching the accelerated de- velopment project of natural gas and the comprehensive utilization project of natural gas in Southwest Tarim，constructing a low-carbon demonstration zone of the highway crossing Tazhong Desert and a zero-carbon demonstration zone of Lunnan Oilfield，and executing a carbon capture，utilization and storage enhanced oil recovery（CCUS-EOR）project of clastic brown oilfield，an integrated develop- ment pattern of traditional energy industry and new energy has taken shape. These practices show that only when the traditional oil and gas industry has been clearly oriented，and the industry's advantages and resource characteristics have been identified，can a new way for the industry's transition and integrated development be found out，and the measures to fulfill the carbon peaking and carbon neutral- ity goals be worked out.

New Energy Power System of PetroChina

ZHANG Yanju, SHI Bingbo, ZHAO Jiaoyan, ZHANG Jiankang

2022, 18(2):  21-25.  DOI: 10.12388/j.issn.1673-2677.2022.02.004

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PetroChina Exploration and Development Research Institute has designed and implemented a new energy power system for PetroChina by reviewing and investigating in details the current business on new energy power based on the development status and trend of new energy projects in oil and gas fields in recent years. This system adopts a framework based on data middle platform，inte- grates big data，artificial intelligence technology and diversified data analysis algorithms，and establishes different data analysis models according to business scenarios for data analysis and governance，so as to realize intelligent data analysis. A data model based on the bottom layer of cloud platform has been constructed. Business intelligence（BI）report display tool has been used to realize the visual- ized analysis of new energy power data. On the basis of data lake architecture and BI report display，the new energy power system of PetroChina has been designed，developed and implemented. Through the construction of this system，PetroChina's demand for applying IT technology to its new energy power is met，the ideas and methods for new energy power development and data analysis are enriched， and the efficiency of data acquisition and use is improved，which provides a basis for the production management and decision-making analysis of new energy power in a better way.

CO2Separate Injection and Matching Testing and Adjustment Technologies in Low-Permeability Reservoirs#br#

LI Haicheng, , LIU Yun, , ZHAO Lichuan, , ZHU Zhenkun, , MA Junzhe, , HAN Yu,

2022, 18(2):  26-32.  DOI: 10.12388/j.issn.1673-2677.2022.02.005

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Regarding the problems encountered during general CO2  injection for low-permeability reservoirs，such as water excessive advancement along a single layer，uneven gas absorption and failure to produce some reserves，CO2  separate injection and matching testing and adjustment technologies are developed. With a corrosion-resistant rubber selected，the packer has a temperature resistance  of 120 ℃ ，and a pressure resistance of 35 MPa. A single-pipe multi-layer technology is developed for CO2 injection. Multi-stage streaming nozzles are also developed. With a throttling differential pressure greater than 5 MPa，the nozzles can meet the demand for multi-layer separate injection in the field. By studying the characteristics of multi-stage streaming nozzles under working conditions， charts are plotted to guide field testing. In addition，matching CO2  sealing detection and separate-layer flow testing technologies are de- veloped to achieve separate-layer adjustment. With this technology and its matching technologies，inter-layer problems can be mitigat- ed，gas channeling can be postponed，and the production degree of thin and poor reservoirs can be improved.

Study Progress on Characteristics and Separation of Produced Fluid of CO2 Flooding

XIONG Xiaoqin, , LIAO Tao , XING Xiaokai , ZHANG Zhunxi , DONG Zhengmiao , BI Yuanjun

2022, 18(2):  33-39.  DOI: 10.12388/j.issn.1673-2677.2022.02.006

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Gas-liquid separation for the produced fluid of CO2 flooding is an important step in the process of carbon capture，utilization and storage（CCUS），and its efficiency directly affects subsequent crude oil dehydration，associated gas processing，produced water treatment，as well as the selection and operation life of related equipment. Based on the basic composition of the produced fluid，the impact of CO2 on the properties of associated gas，oil and produced water is stated，and the main impacting factors and mechanism of oil foaming and associated gas desorption are analyzed. And then，a solution for efficient separation of gas and liquid is put forward，main methods and application effect of gas-liquid separation are reviewed，and the direction and trend for future study on gas-liquid separation are pointed out. The results show that the relationship between the pressure reduction rate and the foaming characteristics of oil is the key scientific problem to determine the pressure and stage number for gas-liquid separation. Establishing a prediction model for the relationship between oil foam volume and defoaming time under the synergistic effect of multiple factors is helpful to determining the separation time. The organic combination of ultrasonic desorption technology and mechanical separation technology is expected to form a new cost-effective and efficient gas-liquid separation technology


Exploration and Practice of Digital Transformation of Energy Conservation Management in Oil and Gas Field Enterprises#br#

DONG Xingtao , LI Ping , ZHU Yusong , WEI Xumeng

2022, 18(2):  40-45.  DOI: 10.12388/j.issn.1673-2677.2022.02.007

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To ensure the realization of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals，energy conservation is the most cost-effective means. Oilfield enterprises are characterized by scattered production facilities，long process flow and extensive coverage of oil areas. The challenges they face in energy conservation management are reflected in the following aspects：the energy consumption measure- ment boundary is unclear，leading to the difficulty in identifying the subject to assume responsibilities；the monthly energy statistics is reported manually level by level，resulting in relatively lagged control of energy consumption；energy efficiency is evaluated by the sam- pling tests of testing agencies，which fails to achieve a whole coverage；energy-conservative measures are judged by individual experi- ence，lacking timeliness and effect tracking. With the development of the internet of things in oilfield enterprises，the automatic percep- tion ability of the production site and the information processing ability of the data background are enhanced continually. It has become a new proposition to improve energy efficiency，reduce energy consumption and realize fine and efficient energy conservation in the whole process of production. This paper summarizes the innovative practice of applying information technology to carry out energy- conservative business in domestic petroleum industry，and puts forward the practical path for implementing the digital transformation of energy conservation management in oilfield enterprises.

Application Practices and Evaluation of Gas Injection Technology for CO2Flooding in Subei Oilfield#br#

CAO Liyuan , QIAN Weiming , GONG Ping , GUAN Shijie , DUAN Yutao , HE Yuan

2022, 18(2):  46-50.  DOI: 10.12388/j.issn.1673-2677.2022.02.008

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As the channel for CO2  to enter formation，the gas injection string is one of the important factors to ensure the successful completion of CO2  flooding. On the basis of learning from the experience of others and making sufficient investigation，four kinds of gas injection strings for CO2 flooding were designed and developed in Subei Oilfield. This paper analyzes the adaptability of all these strings，makes a comparative study on gas tightness，reliability and cost-effectiveness，and evaluates their application effects. Accord- ing to the analysis，existing CO2 injection technology can meet the demand for large-scale gas injection in Subei Oilfield，and has achieved some increase in production. However，it is found in the practical field testing that existing CO2  injection technology still has some limitations and shortcomings. Therefore，such recommendations as improving the current CO2  injection string，promoting the ap- plication of gas tightness testing technology，deepening the study on the brittle fracture mechanism of injection well tubing and casing， and paying more efforts in achieving breakthrough in the technology of separate-layer gas injection are put forward for future study.

Analysis on Energy Storage Safety of Distributed Photovoltaic Power Generation System in Oil and Gas Fields#br#

CHENG Shijian

2022, 18(2):  51-60.  DOI: 10.12388/j.issn.1673-2677.2022.02.009

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With the gradual improvement of the coupling between new energy technology and oil and gas field development business，a number of distributed new energy application projects with "photovoltaic power system+oil well production" and "photovoltaic power system + gas field gathering and transportation" as the main technical route have begun to enter the stage of construction and putting in- to production. In order to solve the problem of continuous operation of remote isolated photovoltaic grid in oil and gas fields and sup- press the fluctuation of grid connected photovoltaic power generation，well-proven electrochemical energy storage technologies are of- ten used as a supporting means on site. However，the safety of electrochemical energy storage has always been the main challenge for its popularization and application，which brings great risks to the production sites of oil and gas fields. In this paper，the installation safety distance of typical electrochemical energy storage system under different conditions is analyzed first，based on which a layout for optical energy storage is recommended. After that，the risk matrix analysis method is used to evaluate all risks related to the operation of photo- voltaic energy storage projects in oil and gas fields，and the risk levels of hidden hazard events are rated. Finally，key design points and safety management strategies adaptable to the energy storage devices of distributed photovoltaic system in oil and gas fields are devel- oped，which provides guidance for the safety configuration and accident prevention of distributed photovoltaic energy storage.

Design Method for a Novel Trapezoidal Tultifocus Fresnel Lens Concentrator

HAN Feng , CHEN Jianxun , GUO Daguang , ZOU Jungang , ZHU Hongyan , YANG Jinhua

2022, 18(2):  61-70.  DOI: 10.12388/j.issn.1673-2677.2022.02.010

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As a system with the lowest cost among the mainstream concentrating solar power（CSP）methods，linear Fresnel system has a promising development prospect. In addressing the concentrating uniformity and thermal cost-effectiveness of Fresnel system，Tra- cepro（an optical software）and COMSOL（a finite element software）are coupled to simulate the focusing process of solar concentrat- ing system，and the design method for a novel trapezoidal multifocus Fresnel lens condenser is proposed. By uniformly dispersing the foci of lens and reflectors，concentrating uniformity of the collector is improved，and risks related to efficiency and safety caused by un- even heat collection is mitigated. Moreover，the use of a novel coupled strain boundary heat source improves the accuracy of simulation while simplifying simulation. The results show that at under an inlet temperature of 423.15 K and a flow velocity of 0.2 m/s，the surface temperature difference of collector tube is only 1.1 K，and the maximum circumferential thermal strain is 0.72 cm. Under the same working conditions，the surface temperature difference of a traditional Fresnel lens concentrating system is 71 K，and the maximum strain is 2.0 cm. Therefore，the trapezoidal multifocus Fresnel lens concentrating system has better safety，and will play a positive role in the promotion of CSP technology.

Application of Solar Power Tower Technology in Integrated Energy System

ZHANG Mogeng , HAN Zhaohui , GU Pengcheng , SONG Baolei

2022, 18(2):  71-77.  DOI: 10.12388/j.issn.1673-2677.2022.02.011

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To support the design，execution and optimization of solar power tower technology，and facilitate the control of power plant operation，thermodynamic models of the receiver in the solar power tower system and the tracking control and calibration system of small heliostat have been developed，and successfully applied to predicting the performance of subsystems and the total power plant output. With this system，a high tracking accuracy and high availability of the heliostat during the operation of power plant are ensured. These models have played a key role in the development of solar power projects. For example，the 36.6 MW Sundrop solar power plant has collected a large amount of operation data since it was put into operation in the summer of 2016 to evaluate the accuracy of the per- formance model of each subsystem. The predicted values of system energy loss are compared with the values measured during actual operation. The results show that the measured absorption power is greater than the predicted absorption power，and the margins are - 1.4%，+8.3%，+5.3% and +0.3%，respectively，compared with the predicted absorption power，which is completely within the expected confidence interval. Performance of the power plant has not only met，but also exceeded the expectations in the phase of commissioning. The test data measured in each case have all accurately verified the model predictions. For SunDrop farm project，the guaranteed avail- ability is 98%，and the availability during commercial operation reaches over 99.5%.

Development of CO₂ Capture Technology Using MOFs

KONG Lingcong, SUN Yarong, XIE Yu, HUANG Bingxuan, MA Jingui, HOU Junwei

2022, 18(2):  78-83.  DOI: 10.12388/j.issn.1673-2677.2022.02.012

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CO2 capture，utilization and storage technology is one of the key technologies to deal with global climate change. In the process of oil and gas field development，injecting the CO2 captured into oil layers can not only reduce oil viscosity，but also supplement the formation energy to improve oil recovery. In addition，CO2 can be stored underground by doing so. And so，this practice has attracted extensive attention. At present，alcohol amine absorption method is a commonly used technology for CO2 capture. However，this method has a high energy consumption for regeneration，a great loss of alcohol amine solution，and a decreased regeneration rate of CO2 with the increase of recycling times. Therefore，a new CO2 capture technology is urgently needed. Assembled by metal ions and organic ligands，metal-organic frameworks（MOFs）material is a netted framework compound，which features large porosity，high specific surface area，diversified structures and easy modification. This provides it a promising prospect in the field of CO2 capture and separation. This paper introduces the features of MOFs first，and then summarizes the synthesis methods of MOFs. Finally，the application of MOFs to CO2 capture is presented，and an outlook of its application in the development of Xinjiang Oilfield is made.

Analysis of Residual Wellhead Pressure Resources of Gas Wells in Tarim Oilfield and Discussion on Their Utilization Options#br#

ZHAO Weidong, YANG Junyi, WANG Bo

2022, 18(2):  84-91.  DOI: 10.12388/j.issn.1673-2677.2022.02.013

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Tarim Basin is endowed with rich natural gas resources. For most gas wells，the wellhead pressure is ultra-high. Currently，a high-pressure gas gathering technology is applied to all these wells，with the gas gathering pressure greater than 10 MPa. The wellhead pressure-reducing technology by multi-stage throttling has not fully utilized the residual pressure resources. In addition，its matching electric heat tracing and anti-freeze addition technologies have increased the consumption of electricity and chemicals，resulting in a waste of residual pressure resources. Therefore，it is of great significance to conduct an analysis of the residual wellhead pressure resources in Tarim Oilfield and a discussion on their utilization options. In this paper，exergy analysis approach is applied to establishing a rational theoretical calculation model of pressure energy，so as to accurately calculate the amount of recoverable pressure energy resources at the wellheads of gas wells. Adhering to the principles of maximizing the recovery of residual wellhead pressure resources and ensuring the normal operation of existing gas gathering and processing system，such utilization options of residual pressure resources as electricity generation with residual pressure，natural gas liquefaction，separation of light hydrocarbons and electricity generation-ice making with residual pressure resources are put forward，and their key techniques，technical difficulties and supporting measures are analyzed to avoid a waste of residual pressure resources caused by the use of existing ways of throttling. These utilization options not only save energy，reduce discharge and increase the comprehensive utilization rate of energy resources，but also bring favorable economic benefits，providing theoretical basis for the comprehensive utilization of residual wellhead pressure resources in Tarim Oilfield


Geothermal-Insulating Production Technology for Ultra-Deep and Ultra-Heavy Oil in Tahe Oilfield#br#

LIU Lei, , FAN Weidong, , CHEN Hongju, , LIU Yuguo, , LI Jinghui,

2022, 18(2):  92-97.  DOI: 10.12388/j.issn.1673-2677.2022.02.014

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Featuring a burial depth greater than 6，000 m and a viscosity greater than 100×104 mPa·s，the ultral-heavy oil in Tahe oilfield is very difficult to produce，and remains as a world-class problem since it cannot be produced normally by conventional production technology. Taking advantage of the extremely strong temperature sensitivity of Tahe ultral-heavy oil，and with the conditions of the ultra-deep and ultra-heavy oil wells in Tahe oilfield fully taken into account，a high-efficiency thermal-insulating nanomaterial is selected as coating material. A material with heat-proof physical properties is produced by synthesizing a polymer compound with special functional groups by technical means，which is then subjected to foam stabilizing and inerting treatment. A new and efficient thermal barrier system is constructed microscopically to effectively block the different performances of heat in an all-round way，and achieve the effect of producing ultra-deep and ultra-heavy oil by using geothermal resources. A pilot test on 2 wells has been completed. Under the conditions of using the formation heat only without any supplement of external heat，the maximum increase in wellhead temperature of a single well is 20 °C. Due to its environmental friendliness，high efficiency and energy conservation，this technology has a promising application prospect in the super-heavy oil blocks of Tahe Oilfield.


Problems Related to CO2 Recovery in Hydrogen Production Unit and Their Solutions

ZHU Jun , YAN Jiangfeng

2022, 18(2):  98-102.  DOI: 10.12388/j.issn.1673-2677.2022.02.015

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20，000 Nm³/h hydrogen production unit owned by Tahe Refining and Chemical Co.，Ltd. employs a steam hydrocarbon conversion and pressure swing adsorption（PSA）purification technology. This unit produces 11，055 Nm³ desorbed gas per hour，which is then fed into a reformer as fuel. The desorbed gas contains more than 50% CO₂，which does not participate in combustion，and is finally emitted into the atmosphere together with the flue gas（burnt product），resulting in carbon emissions. In 2020，a CO₂ recovery device was added to the hydrogen production unit，which recovers CO₂ using a new amino ethyl ethanol amine（AEEA）liquid. After being compressed and liquefied，the recovered CO₂ can be used for CO₂ flooding，with the remaining CO₂ returned to the reformer for combustion. This paper introduces the impacts of CO₂ recovery device and CO₂ recovery on process parameters，analyzes the problems arising after CO₂ recovery，and proposes corresponding solutions，providing a basis for the modification of this unit to realize complete recovery of CO₂ in the future